KETERBATASAN PERTIMBANGAN PEMBUKTIAN DALAM SENGKETA WANPRESTASI PERJANJIAN PINJAMAN DARING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29123/jy.v19i1.758Kata Kunci:
alat bukti elektronik, wanprestasi, peer-to-peer lendingAbstrak
Kajian ini berfokus pada keterbatasan pertimbangan hakim dalam pembuktian sengketa wanprestasi perjanjian pinjaman daring dalam Putusan Nomor 267/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Bdg. Kasus ini bermula dari gugatan PT Satustop Finansial Solusi selaku penyelenggara layanan peer-to-peer lending bersama para pemberi pinjaman individu terhadap debitur yang tidak memenuhi kewajiban pembayaran pinjaman. Permasalahan terletak pada pertimbangan hakim yang belum menguraikan secara memadai konstruksi hubungan hukum antara penyelenggara, pemberi dana, dan penerima dana serta kedudukan data riwayat investasi dan rincian tagihan sebagai alat bukti elektronik. Padahal, fakta persidangan beserta alat bukti pendukung, seperti data riwayat investasi, rekam transfer digital, dan mekanisme operasional layanan, secara jelas mengindikasikan karakteristik transaksi berbasis teknologi informasi. Studi ini mengkritik proses pembuktian di persidangan yang masih berbasis dokumen konvensional, tanpa mengoptimalkan kerangka electronic discovery (e-discovery) untuk memverifikasi metadata, jejak digital, serta integritas data elektronik sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dan regulasi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertimbangan majelis hakim telah memadai untuk menyatakan terjadinya wanprestasi karena tergugat mengakui adanya utang pokok, bunga, dan denda serta tidak melaksanakan kewajiban pembayarannya. Pengakuan tersebut diperkuat oleh perjanjian pinjaman, bukti transfer, surat peringatan, dan somasi. Hakim juga belum menjelaskan kedudukan serta kekuatan pembuktian bukti P-8 berupa data riwayat investasi dan bukti P-9 berupa rincian tagihan pinjaman sebagai informasi atau/atau dokumen elektronik. Keterbatasan tersebut tidak menghilangkan dasar pembuktian wanprestasi, tetapi menyebabkan argumentasi hukum dalam putusan belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan karakteristik transaksi peer-to-peer lending berbasis teknologi informasi.
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