PROBLEMATIKA KEBERLAKUAN DAN STATUS HUKUM PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29123/jy.v6i2.108Keywords:
international treaty, ratification law, judicial reviewAbstract
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Perkara Nomor 33/PUU-IX/2011 memberikan pencerahan kepada berbagai pihak, khususnya akademisi
di bidang hukum internasional dan hukum tata negara, mengenai arti dari undang-undang pengesahan perjanjian internasional di Indonesia, apakah sebagai persetujuan DPR kepada Presiden per se ataukah membuat perjanjian internasional tersebut berlaku di Indonesia. Res judicata yang disampaikan oleh majelis hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dengan menolak seluruh permohonan pemohon mengindikasikan bahwa undang-undang pengesahan perjanjian internasional, meskipun berbentuk undang-undang hanya merupakan bentuk persetujuan formal DPR kepada Presiden dalam kaitannya dengan Pasal 11 ayat (1) UUD 1945. Lebih lanjut, undang-undang pengesahan perjanjian bukan merupakan landasan hukum bagi berlaku perjanjian internasional di Indonesia. Kemudian, perjanjian internasional yang telah diratifikasi oleh Pemerintah Indonesia hanya mengikat bagi Indonesia, bukan di Indonesia [baca: pengadilan]. Dengan demikian, undang-undang pengesahan perjanjian internasional bukan merupakan obyek pengujian undang-undang terhadap UUD 1945 yang menjadi kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi.
Kata kunci: perjanjian internasional, undang-undang pengesahan, judicial review.
ABSTRACT
For the academics, particularly those in the field of International Laws and Constitutional Laws, the Constitutional Court’s Decision Number 33/PUU-IX/2011 has provided insights on what matters about the Ratification Law of International Treaties in Indonesia, whether it is the House of Representative’s approval to the President per se, or rather a means to make the treaty applicable in Indonesia. Res judicata asserted by the Constitutional Court judges rejecting the applicant’s request, indicates that the Ratification Law of International Treaties in Indonesia is only a formal approval of the House of Representatives to the President as stated in Article 11, Paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution the Republic of Indonesia. Additionally, the Ratification Law is not a legal basis for the enactment of the international treaty in Indonesia. The international treaties ratified by the Indonesian Government bind for Indonesian only, not in Indonesia [read: court]. Thus, the Ratification Law of International Treaties in Indonesia cannot be an object of judicial review of the Constitutional Court.
Keywords: international treaty, ratification law, judicial review.
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